The ideal temperature range for cattle is between 5°C and 25°C, and for adult pigs just 18°C to 20°C.
It is important to remember high-producing livestock, such as dairy cows, are the animals most sensitive to heat stress. Poultry have been known to perish due to heat stress on very hot days.
As temperatures rise, animals use their energy to cool themselves — this results in reduced production or weight gain. Feed intake is also reduced further increasing these impacts.
High humidity can also play a significant role in heat stress. For any given temperature, the degree of heat stress increases as the relative humidity increases.
Heat stress can significantly impact the production and animal welfare of your stock. Check your livestock daily, looking for any signs of stress during hot weather.
Heat-stressed livestock will seek out shade, drink more, eat less, stand rather than lie down, pant, may produce less milk and can be less fertile.
On hot days, give livestock unlimited access to shade or shelter and good quality, cool drinking water. Make sure you are ready to implement your fire plan.
Avoid moving animals during the hottest part of the day and try to avoid it completely on extreme days.
High-quality feed should be given during the evening when it is cooler, as livestock are more likely to consume it.
If you are not living at a property, arrange for a neighbour to check on animals in your absence.
By making some minor management changes and taking a little extra care of your livestock in extreme hot weather, the effects of heat stress can be substantially reduced delivering better welfare and production outcomes.
For more information, contact your local veterinarian or Agriculture Victoria veterinary or animal health officer, or in NSW your Local Land Services.
– Dr Jeff Cave is a senior veterinary officer with Agriculture Victoria.
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